Saltcedar
Information



 Saltcedar Home Page
 Introduction and Spread
 Impacts
 Biology and Ecology
 Management
 Restoration in the Southwest
 RFP's and Contracts
 Management Plans
NM Non-native Phreatophyte Control Program
 Literature


 


 

Literature

1. Abouawad, B.A. and M.A. Elborolossy. 1995. 2 Eriophyid mites on Tamarisk trees in Egypt(Acari, Eriophyoidea, Eriophyidae). Acarologia 36:14514-8.

2. Ahmed, A.F. et al. 1994. Tannins of Tamaricaceous plants: 4 new trimeric hydrolysable tannins from Reaumuria hirtella and Tamarix pakistanica. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 42:254-264.

3. Allred, K.W. 2002. Identification and taxonomy of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in New Mexico. Desert Plants 18:26-32.

4. Anderson, B. 1998. The case for saltcedar. Restoration and Management Notes 16(2):130–1.

5. Anderson, B. W and R. D. Ohmart. 1982. Revegetation and wildlife enhancement along the lower Colorado River. USDI Bur. of Reclamation. Cont. No. 7-07-30-V0009. 215 pp.

6. Anderson, B. W. and S. A. Laymon. 1989. Creating habitat for the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americana), pp. 1-15. In: D. Abell (ed.), Calif. Riparian System Conf. University California-Davis Gen. Technical Report PFW-110:468-472.

7. Anderson, B.W. and R.D. Ohmart. 1984. Final Report-vegetation management study for the enhancement of wildlife along the Lower Colorado River. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Contract No. 529 pp.

8. Anderson, B.W. and R.D. Ohmart. 1985. Riparian revegetation as a mitigating process in stream and river restoration. pp 41-80. In: Gore, J.A., ed. The Restoration of Rivers and Streams: Theories and Experience. Boston, MA: Butterworth Publ.

9. Anderson, B.W., A. Higgins, and R.D. Ohmart. 1977a. Avian use of saltcedar communities in the Lower Colorado River Valley. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43:128-136.

10. Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart. 1979. Riparian revegetation for mitigation and operational enhancement along the Lower Colorado River. Center for “Environmental Studies, Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ.

11. Anderson, B.W., R.W. Engel-Wilson, D. Wells, and R.D. Ohmart. 1977b. Ecological study of Southwestern riparian habitats: techniques and data applicability. Pages 146-155 in Johnson, R.R.and D.A. Jones, tech. coors. Importance, Preservation and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium, 9 July 1977, Tucson, AZ. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43.

12. Anderson, D.C. 1994. Are cicadas (Diceroprocta apache) both a “keystone” and a “critical link” species in lower Colorado River riparian communities? Southwest Nat. 39(1):26-33.

13. Anderson, G.L., R.I. Carruthers, S. Ge, and P. Gong. 2005. Monitoring of invasive Tamarix distribution and effects of biological control with airborne hyperspectral remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing 26(12):2487-2489.

14. Anderson, J.E. 1977. Transpiration and photosynthesis in saltcedar. Hydrology and water resources in Arizona and the Southwest 7:125-131.

15. Anderson, J.E. 1982. Factors controlling transpiration and photosynthesis in Tamarix chinensis Lour. Ecol. 63(1):48-56.

16. Andhiwal,C.K., K. Kishore, T. Itoh, T. Matsumoto. 1982. Unusually high ratio of saturated/unsaturated sterols in Tamarix gallica. Journal of Natural Products 45(2):222-223.

17. Arndt, S.K., C. Arampatsis, A. Foetzki, X. Li, F. Zeng, and X. Zhang. 2004. Contrasting patters of leaf solute accumulation and salt adaptation in four phreatophytic desert plants in hyperarid desert with saline groundwater. Journal of Arid Environments 59:259-270.

18. Bailey, J.K., J.A. Schweitzer, and T.G. Whitham. 2001. Salt cedar negatively affects biodiversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Wetlands 21(3):442-447.

19. Barakat, H.H., M.A.M. Nawwar, J. Bruddus, and M. Linscheid. 1987. Niloticol, a phenolic glyceride and two phenolic aldehydes from the roots of Tamarix nilotica. Phytochemistry 26(6)1837-1838.

20. Bar-Nun, N. and A. Poljakoff-Mayber. 1974. Some aspects of protein metabolism in Tamarix tetragyna roots grown in a saline substrate. Aust Journal of Plant Physiology 1(2):237-246.

21. Barrows, C. W. 1993. Tamarisk control II. A success story. Restoration and Management Notes 11(1): 35-38.

22. Baum, B. 1967. Introduced and naturalized tamarisks in the United States and Canada. Baileya 15:19-25.

23. Baum, B.R. 1978. The Genus Tamarix. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Science and Humanities.

24. Baum, B.R. 1989. Studies in the flora of Arabia: XXV. Tamarix in the Arabian peninsula. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 46:1-6.

25. Bawazir, A.S. 2000. Saltcedar and cottonwood riparian evapotranspiration in the Middle Rio Grande. Ph.D. dissertation. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM. 214 pp.

26. Bennett, P. S. and W. J. Burke 1990. Pp. 108-113 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

27. Berry, W.L. 1970. Characteristics of salts secreted by Tamarix aphylla. Amer. J. Bot. 57:1226-1230.

28. Bess, E., R. Parmenter, S. McCoy and M. Molles. 2002. Responses of a riparian forest-floor arthropod community to wildfire in the Middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico. Environmental Entomology 31:774–784.

29. Bikbulatova, T.N. and L.M. Korul'kina. 2001. Composition of Tamarix hokenakeri and T. ramosissima. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 37:216-218.

30. Blackburn, W.H., R.W. Knight, and J.L. Schuster. 1982. Saltcedar influence on sedimentation in the Brazos River. J. Soil and Water Conserv. 37:298-301.

31. Blaney and others. 1942. Consumptive use and requirements. Pp. 170-230 In: National Resources Planning Board, Pecos River Joint Investigation – Reports of the participating agencies. Washington, DC.

32. Bonham, C. D. 1989. Measurements for terrestrial vegetation. J. Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. 338pp.

33. Bosabalidis, A.M. 1987. Oigin, ultrastructural estimation of the possible manners of growth and morphometric evaluation of calcium-oxalate crystals in non-idioblastic parenchyma cells of Tamarix aphylla L. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology 19: 423-432.

34. Bosabalidis, A.M. 1992. A morphological approach to the question of salt-gland lifetime in leaves of Tamarix-aphylla L. Israel Journal of Botany 41:115-21.

35. Bosabalidis, A.M. 1994. Developmental features of autophagy in aging secretory-cells of Tamarix aphylla L. salt-glands. Journal of Submicroscopic Cytology and Pathology 26:473-479.

36. Bosabalidis, A.M. and W.W. Thomson. 1984. Light microscopical studies on salt gland development in Tamarix aphylla L. Ann. Bot. 54:169-174.

37. Bosabilidis, A.M., and Thomson, W.W. 1984. Ultrastructural differentiation of an unusual structure lining the anticlinal walls of the inner secretory cells in Tamarix salt glands. Bot. Gaz. 145(4):427-435.

38. Bowman, C. 1990. 1987 tamarisk control project: Petrified Forest National Park. Pp. 11-16 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

39. Bowser, C.W. 1957. Introduction and spread of the undesirable tamarisks in the Pacific Southwest section of the United States and comments concerning the plants’ influence upon the indigenous vegetation. Am. Geophys. Union Trans. 38(3):415-416.

40. Breslin B. and N. Breslin. 1995. Water rights - Bosque del Apache NWR. Report to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Antonio, N.M. 9 pp.

41. Brock, J.H. 1994. Tamarix spp. (Saltcedar) an invasive exotic woody plant in arid and semi-arid riparian habitats of western USA. Pages 27-44 in De Waal, L.C., ed. Ecology and Management of Invasive Riverside Plants. New York: J. Wiley & Sons.

42. Brooke, R.K. 1989. A wild Tamarisk-lined drainage bird community. Promerops 191:9-11.

43. Brooke, R.K. 1989. Birds along wild Tamarisk-clad drainage lines and other points from the far western Karoo. Promerops 190:11-12.

44. Brooke, R.K. 1992. The bird community of Tamarix-clad drainages, Northwestern Karoo, Cape Province. Ostrich 63:42-43.

45. Brooks, F.L. and R. Dellberg. Windbreaks of Tamarisk lead railroad safely through the desert. Soil Conserv 35:-56.

46. Brotherson, J. D., J. G. Carman and L. A. Szyska. 1982. Stem-diameter age relationships of Tamarix ramosissima in central Utah. Journal of Range Management 37:362-364.

47. Brotherson, J.D. and D. Field. 1987. Tamarix: impacts of a successful weed. Rangelands 3:110-112.

48. Brotherson, J.D. and V. Winkel. 1986. Habitat relationships of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) in central Utah. Great Basin Nat. 46:535-541.

49. Brotherson, J.D., J.G. Carman, and L.A. Szyska. 1984. Stem-diameter age relationships of Tamarix ramosissima in central Utah. J. Range Manage. 37:362-364.

50. Brown, B. 1992. Nesting chronology, density and habitat use of black-chinned hummingbirds along the Colorado River, Arizona. Journal of Field Ornithology 63:393–400.

51. Brown, B.T. and M.W. Trosset. 1988. Nesting-habitat relationships of riparian birds along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Southwestern Nat. 34:260-270.

52. Brown, W.T. and R.R. Johnson. 1989. Ecology and management of riparian breeding birds in tamarisk habitats along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. Pages 68-73 in Kunzmann, M.R., R.R. Johnson, and P.S. Bennett, eds. Tamarisk Control in Southwestern United States. Proc. Tamarisk Conf., Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 1987. Tucson, AZ: Univ. of Arizona School of Renewable Natural Resources Spec. Rep. No. 9.

53. Brush, T. 1983, First nesting of a new world woodpecker in Tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis). Southw. Natural. 28:113.

54. Bullard T.F. and Wells S.G.. 1992. Hydrology of the Middle Rio Grande from Velarde to Elephant Butte Reservoir, New Mexico. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Resource Publication 179. 51 pp.

55. Burke, W. J. 1990. Tamarisk and its control at Lake Mead National Recreation Area. P. 17-19 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

56. Burnham, K. P., D. R. Anderson, and J. L. Laake. 1980. Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife Monogr. 72.

57. Busby, F.E., and J.L. Schuster. 1971. Woody phreatophyte infestation of the Middle Brazos River Flood Plain. Journal of Range Management 24(4):285-287.

58. Busch, D. E., L. Herbranson, J. E. Pinkney, and D. Sisneros. 1992. Vegetation management study: lower Colorado river. Phase I report. USDI Bur. of Reclamation Lower Colorado Region, Boulder City, Nev. 103 pp.

59. Busch, D.E. 1995. Effects of fire on southwestern riparian plant community structure. Southwestern Nat. 40:259-276.

60. Busch, D.E. and S.D. Smith. 1993. Effects of fire on water and salinity relationships of riparian woody taxa. Oecologia 94:186-194.

61. Busch, D.E. and S.D. Smith. 1992. Fire in a riparian shrub community: postburn water relations in the Tamarix-Salix association along the lower Colorado River. Pages 52-55 in Clary, W.P., E.D. McArthur, D. Bedunah, C.L. Wambolt, compilers. Proc. Symp. on Ecology and Management of Riparian Shrub Communities, 1991, Sun Valley, ID. Missoula, MT: USDA Forest Service Intermtn. Res. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. 289.

62. Busch, D.E. and S.D. Smith. 1995. Mechanisms associated with decline of woody species in riparian ecosystems of the Southwestern U.S. Ecol. Monogr. 65:347-370.

63. Busch, D.E., Ingraham, N.L., and Smith, S.D. 1992. Water uptake in woody riparian phreatophytes of the southwestern United States: a stable isotope study. Ecological Applications 2(4):450-459.

64. Cakan,H. and J.Zielinski. 2004. Tamarix duezenlii (Tamaricaceae) - a species new to science from southern Turkey. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 73:53-5.

65. Campbell, C.J., Dick-Peddie. 1964. Comparison of Phreatophyte Communities on the Rio Grande In New Mexico. Ecology 45(3):492-502.

66. Campbell, N., and W.W. Thomson. 1975. Chloride localization in the leaf of Tamarix. Protoplasma 83:1.

67. Canadell, J., R. Jackson, J. Ehleringer, H. Monney, O. Sala and E. Schulze. 1996. Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale. Oecologia 108:583–595.

68. Carman, J. G. and J. D. Brotherson. 1982. Comparisons of sites infested and not infested with saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) and Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia). Weed Science 30:360-364.

69. Carothers, S.W., S.W. Aitchison, M.M. Karpiscak, G.A. Ruffner, and J.J. Sharber. 1976. An ecological survey of the riparian zone of the Colorado River between Lee’s Ferry and Grand Wash Cliffs, Arizona. U.S. Natl. Park Serv. and CO River Res. Serv., Tech. Rep. 10. 251 pp.

70. Carpenter, A.T. 1998. Element Stewardship Abstract for Tamarix ramosissima, T. pentandra, T. chinensis, T. parviflora, Saltcedar, salt cedar, tamarisk. The Nature Conservancy, Davis, CA. http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/esadocs/tamaramo.html.

71. Chavez, R. A. 1996. Integrated weed management: concept and practice. Pp. 32-36 in: J. Di Tomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

72. Christensen, E.M. 1962. The rate of naturalization of Tamarix in Utah. Am. Midland Nat. 68(1):51-57.

73. Cinnamon, S. K. 1990. Wupatiki National Monument tamarisk and camelthorn eradication program 1983-88. Pp. 20-24 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

74. Cleverly, J. R., S. D. Smith, A. Sala, and D. A. Devitt. 1997. Invasive capacity of Tamarisx ramosissma in a Mojave Desert floodplain: the role of drought. Oecologia 111:12-18.

75. Cleverly, J., C. Dahm, J. Thibault, D. Gilroy and J. Coonrod. 2002. Seasonal estimates of actual evapo-transpiration from Tamarix ramosissima stands using three-dimensional eddy covariance. Journal of Arid Environments 52:181–197.

76. Clover, E.A. and L. Jotter. 1944. Floristic studies in the canyons of the Colorado and tributaries: Am. Midland Nat. 68:51-57.

77. Coffey, J. 1990. Summary report on tamarisk control: Joshua Tree National Park. Pp. 25-27 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

78. Cohan, D.R., B.W. Anderson, and R.D. Ohmart. 1978. Avian population responses to saltcedar along the lower Colorado River. Pages 371-381 in Jonson, R.R. and J.F. McCormick, eds. Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and Other Riparian Ecosystems. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-12.

79. Cooper, D., D. Merritt, D. Andersen and R. Chimner. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, USA. Regulated Rivers—Research and Management 15:419–440.

80. Cooper, D.J., D.C. Andersen, and R.A. Chimner. 2003. Multiple pathways for woody plant establishment on floodplains at local to regional scales. Journal of Ecology 91(2):182-196.

81. Crawford C.S., A.C. Cully, R. Leutheuser, M.S. Sifuentes, L.H. White, J.P. and Wilber. 1993. Middle Rio Grande ecosystem: bosque biological management plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, N.M. 291 pp.

82. Crawford, C.S., L.M. Ellis, and M.C. Molles. 1996. The Middle Rio Grande Bosque: An endangered ecosystem. Abstract. New Mexico Journal of Science. 36.

83. Crins, W.J. 1989. The Tamaricaceae in the Southeastern United States. J. Arboretum 70:403-425.

84. Culler, R.C., R.L. Hansen, R.M. Myrick, R.M. Turner, and F.P. Kipple. 1982. Evaoptranspiration before and after clearing phreatophytes, Gila River floodplain, Graham County, Arizona. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 655-P.

85. Dahm, C. N., J. R. Cleverly, J. E. Allred Coonrod, J. R. Thibault, D, E. McDonnell, and D. J. Gilroy. 2002. Evapotranspiration at the land/water interface in a semi-arid drainage basin. Freshwater Biology 47:831-843.

86. Danin,A. 1981. Translated Title: Ecological factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. in Israel and Sinai. La-Yaaran = The Forester 31(1/4):8-11. The Israel Forestry(April 2001): 8-11.

87. Davenport, D., P. Martin and R. Hagan. Evapotranspiration from riparian vegetation water relations and irrecoverable losses for saltcedar. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 37:233–236.

88. Davila, V. 1990. Tamarisk eradication efforts at Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas. Pp. 28-32 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

89. de Gouvenain, R. C. and B. R. West. E. 1996. Partnerships and volunteers for control of salt-cedar. Pp. 16-19 in: J. Di Tomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

90. Decker, J.P., W.G. Gaylor, and F.D. Cole. 1962. Measuring transpiration of undisturbed Tamarisk shrubs. Plant Phys. 37(3):393-397.

91. DeLoach, C. J, R. I. Carruthers, J. E. Lovich, T. L. Dudley, and S. D. Smith. 2000. Pp. 819-873 in N. Spencer (ed). Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Montana St. Univ., Bozeman, MT.

92. DeLoach, C. J. 1993. Biological control of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis) in riparian ecosystems in the Western United States 1 October 1990 to 30 September 1993. Boulder City, NV.

93. DeLoach, C. J., and J. Gould. 1998. Biological control of exotic, invading saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) by the introduction of Tamarix-specific control insects from Eurasia. Proposal to USFWS, August 28 1998.

94. DeLoach, C. J., R.I. Carruthers, J.E. Lovich, T.L. Dudley, and S.D. Smith. 1999. Ecological interactions in the biological control of Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) In the United States: Toward a New Understanding. Abstract. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. PP. 3-4.

95. DeLoach, C. J., M. J. Pitcairn, and D. Woods. 1996. Biological control of salt cedar in southern California. Pp. 30-31 in: J. Di Tomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

96. DeLoach, C.J. 1991. Saltcedar, an exotic weed of western North American riparian areas: A review of its taxonomy, biology, harmful and beneficial values, and its potential for biological control. Boulder City, NV: USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region . 443 pp.

97. DeLoach, C.J. 1996. Saltcedar biological control: methodology, exploration, laboratory trials, proposals for field releases, and expected environmental effects. Abstract. Saltcedar Management and Riparian Restoration Workshop, Las Vegas, NV.

98. DeLoach, C.J. and J.L.Tracy. 1997. The effects of biological control of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) on endangered species. Biological Assessment Draft. USDA Agricultural Research Service. Temple Texas.

99. DeLoach, C.J., D. Gerling, L. Fornasari, R. Sobhian, S. Myartseva, I.D. Mityaev, Q.G. Lu, J.L. Tracy, R. Wang, J.F. Wang; A. Kirk, R.W. Pemberton, V. Chikatunov, R.V. Jashenko, J.E. Johnson, H. Zheng, S.L. Jiang, M.T. Liu, A.P. Liu, and J. Cisneroz. 1996. Biological control programme against saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the United States of America: progress and problems. Pages 253-260 in V.C. Moran and J.H. Hoffman, eds. Proc. IX Internatl. Symp. Biol. Control Weeds, 19-26 January 1996. Stellenbosch, South Africa: Univ. of Cape Town.

100. DeLoach, C.J., P.A. Lewis, J.C. Herr, R.I. Carruthers, J.L. Tracy, and J. Johnson. 2003. Host specificity of the leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata deserticola from Asia, a biological control agent for saltcedars in the western United States. Biological Control 27:117-147.

101. Deuser, C. E. 1996. Salt cedar management: a success story. Pp. 50-52 in: J. DiTomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

102. Devitt, D. A., J. M. Piorkowski, S. D. Smith, J. R. Cleverly, and A. Sala. 1997. Plant water relations of Tamarix ramosissima in response to the imposition and alleviation of soil moisture stress. J. Arid Environ. 36(3):527-541.

103. Devitt, D., A. Sala, K. Mace, and S. Smith. 1997. The effect of applied water on the water use of saltcedar in a desert riparian environment. Journal of Hydrology 192:233–246.

104. Devitt, D., A. Sala, S. Smith, J. Cleverly, L. Shaulis, and R. Hammett. 1998. Bowen ratio estimates of evapotranspiration for Tamarix ramosissima stands on the Virgin River in southern Nevada. Water Resources Research 34:2407–2414.

105. DiTomaso, J. M. and C. E. Bell (eds.). 1996. Proceedings of the Saltcedar Management Workshop June 12, 1996. Rancho Mirage, Calif. University of California-Davis Cooperative Extension Service. 61 p.

106. DiTomaso, J.M. 1998. Impact, biology, and ecology of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the southwestern United States. Weed Tech. 12:326-336.

107. DiTomaso, J.M. and E.A. Healy. 2003. Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West. Oakland, CA: Univ. of California. ANR Pub. 3421. 442 p.

108. Dixon, M. and W. Johnson. 1999. Riparian vegetation along the middle Snake River, Idaho zonation, geographical trends, and historical changes. Great Basin Naturalist 59:18–34.

109. Dressen, D.R. and L.E. Wangen. 1981. Elemental composition of saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) impacted by effluents from a coal-fired power plant. Journal of Environmental Quality 10(3)410-416.

110. Dudley, T.L., C.J. DeLoach, J.E. Lovich, and R.I. Carruthers. 2000. Saltcedar invasion of western riparian areas: impacts and new prospects for control. Transactions of the 65th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 345-381.

111. Dudley, T.L., and C.J. DeLoach. 2004. Saltcedar (Tamarix spp), endangered species, and biological weed control-can hey mix? Weed Technology 18:1542-1551.

112. Duncan, K.W., S.D. Schemnitz, M. Suzuki, Z. Homesley, and M. Cardenas. 1993. Evaluation of saltcedar control – Pecos River, New Mexico. General Technical Report RM/226. pp 207-210. Rocky Mountain Forest & Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO.

113. Duncan, K. W. 1994. Saltcedar: establishment, effects, and management. Wetland Journal 6(3):10-13.

114. Duncan, K. W. and K. C. McDaniel. 1996. Chemical weed and brush control guide for New Mexico rangelands. New Mexico State University Extension Service, Report 400 B-17, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

115. Duncan, K.W. 1997. A case study in Tamarix ramosissima control: Spring Lake, New Mexico. In: Brock, J.H., M. Wade, P. Pysek, and D. Green. Plant Invasions: studies from North America and Europe. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands. Pp. 115-121.

116. Duncan, K. W. and K. C. McDaniel. 1998. Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) management with imazapyr. Weed Technol. 12:337-344.

117. Duncan, K.W. 2003. Individual plant treatment of saltcedar. Pp 121-125. In: C. Hart, eds. Proceedings of the saltcedar and water resources in the west symposium, July 16-17. San Angelo, Texas.

118. Egan, T. B. 1996. An approach to site restoration and maintenance for saltcedar control. Pp. 46-49 in: J. Di Tomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

119. Egan, T.B., R.A. Chavez, and B.R. West. 1993. Afton Canyon saltcedar removal first year status report. Page 18 in Smith, L. and J. Stephenson, eds. Proc. Symp. Veg. Manage., Hot Desert Rangeland Ecosys., Phoenix, AZ.

120. El-Beheiry, M.A.H. and H.F.El-Kady. 1998. Nutritive value of two Tamarix species in Egypt. Journal of. Arid Environments 38: 529-39.

121. Ellingson,A.R. and D.C.Andersen. 2002. Spatial correlations of Diceroprocta apache and its host plants: evidence for a negative impact from Tamarix invasion. Ecological entomology 27:16-24.

122. Ellis, L.M. 1995. Bird use of saltcedar and cottonwood vegetation in the Middle Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico, U.S.A. J. Arid Environ. 30:339-349.

123. Ellis, L.M. 2000. Short-term response of woody plants to fire in a Rio Grande riparian forest, Central New Mexico, USA. Biological Conservation 97 (2001) 159-170.

124. Ellis, L.M., C.S. Crawford, and M.C. Molles. 1998. Comparison of litter dynamics in native and exotic riparian vegetation along the middle Rio Grande of central New Mexico, U.S.A. Journal of Arid Environments 38:283-296.

125. Ellis, L.M., M.C. Molles, , C.S. Crawford. 1999. Influence of experimental flooding on litter dynamics in a Rio Grande riparian forest, New Mexico. Abstract. Restoration Ecology Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 193-204.

126. Engel-Wilson, R.W. and R.D. Ohmart. 1978. Floral and attendant faunal changes on the lower Rio Grande between Fort Quitman and Presidio, Texas. Proc. National Symp. Prot. Manage. Floodplain Wetlands.

127. Everitt, B. L. 1998. Chronology of the spread of Tamarisk in the central Rio Grande. Wetlands 18:658.

128. Everitt, B.L. 1980. Ecology of saltcedar--a plea for research. Environ. Geol. 3(2):77-84.

129. Everitt, J. H., D. E Escobar, M. A, Alaniz, M. R. Davis and J. V. Richardson. 1996. Using spatial information techniques to map Chinese tamarisk (Tamarix chinensis) infestations. Weed Science 44:194-201.

130. Farley, G., Ellis, L.M., Stuart, J.N., Scott, N.J. 1994. Birds of restored and mature riparian woodlands in the Middle Rio Grande Valley. NMOS Bulletin 22(2):25-33.

131. Fenchel G. A., Dreesen D., and Fraser J. 1996. 1996 interagency riparian report. USDA-NRCS-Plant Materials Center, Los Lunas, N.M. 42 pp.

132. Fenchel G., Oaks W., and Swenson E.A. 1987. Selecting desirable woody vegetation for environmental mitigation and controlling wind erosion and undesirable plants in the Rio Grande and Pecos river valleys of New Mexico. 5 year interim report (1983-87). USDA-SCS-Plant Materials Center, Los Lunas, N.M. 49 pp.

133. Ferrazzi, P. 1983. Translated Title: Bee botany: tamarisks (Tamarix spp., family of Tamaricaceae). L'Apicoltore moderno. July/Aug 74(4)143-145.

134. Fleishman, E., N. Mcdonal, R. MacNally, D. Murphy, J. Walters and T. Floyd. 2003. Effects of floristics, physiognomy and non-native vegetation on riparian bird communities in a Mojave Desert watershed. Journal of Animal Ecology 72:484–490.

135. Fleming, C. M. 1990. Status report on Tamarix in Big Bend National Park. Pp. 33-35 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

136. Fornasari,L. 1998. Biology, ethology, and impact on the host by Coniatus tamarisci (F.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), a natural enemy of Tamarix spp. (Tamaricaceae, saltcedar) in France. Biological Control 13: 25-40.

137. Frasier, G.W. and T.N. Johnsen. 1991. Saltcedar (tamarisk): classification, distribution, ecology, and control. Pages 377-386 in James, L.F., J.O. Evans, M.H. Ralphs, and R.D. Child, eds. Noxious Range Weeds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

138. Friederici, P. 1995. The alien saltcedar. Am. For. 101:45-47

139. Friedman, J. M., W. R. Osterkamp, M. L. Scott, and G. T. Auble. 1998. Downstream effects of dams on channel geometry and bottomland vegetation: regional patterns in the Great Plains. Wetlands 18:619-633.

140. Friedman, J.M., G.T. Auble, P.B. Shafroth, M.L. Scott, M.F. Merigliano, M.D. Freehling, and E.R. Griffin. 2005. Dominance of non-native riparian trees in western USA. Biological Invasions 7:747-751.

141. Frost,K.R. and K.C. Hamilton. 1960. Report on the Wellton-Mohawk salt cedar clearing studies. Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona. Tucson, Arizona. Report 193.

142. Fuller, M. 1996. Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla) controliIn Central Australia. History and Future Directions. DPIF, Alice Springs.

143. Garcia-Hernandez, J., O. Hinojosa-Huerta, V. Gerhart, Y. Carrillo-Guerrero and E. Glenn. 2001. Southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys in the Colorado River delta, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 49:161–170.

144. Gaskin, J.F. 2003. Molecular systematics and the control of invasive plants: A case study of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 90(1):109-118.

145. Gaskin, J.F. and B.A. Schaal. 2003. Molecular phylogenetic investigation of U.S. invasive Tamarisk. Systematic Bot. 28(1):86-96.

146. Gaskin, J.F. and B.A. Schaal. 2002. Hybrid Tamarix widespread in U.S. invasion and undetected in native Asian range. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99(17):11256-11259.

147. Gaskin, J.F., and P.B. Shafroth. 2005. Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (saltcedars) with T. aphylla (athel) (Tamaricaceae) in the southwestern USA determined from DNA sequence data. Madrono 52(1):1-10.

148. Gatewood, J.S., T.W. Robinson, B.R. Colby, J.D. Hem and L.C. Halfpenny. 1950. Use of water by bottom-land vegetation in lower Safford Valley, Arizona. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 1103.

149. Gay, L. 1985. Evapotranspiration from saltcedar along the lower Colorado River. pp. 171-174. In: Conference Proceedings, Riparian Ecosystems and their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses, Tucson, AZ. USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO.

150. Gay, L. W. 1990. Saltcedar evapotranspiration and its measurement. Pp. 74-81 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

151. Gay, L.W. 1986. Water use by saltcedar in an arid environment. Water Forum, Long Beach, CA. American Society of Civil Engineers.

152. Gay, L.W. and L.J. Fritschen. 1979. An energy budget analysis of water use by saltcedar. Water Resource Res. 15:1589-1592.

153. Gay, L.W. and R.K. Hartman. 1982. ET measurements over riparian saltcedar on the Colorado River. Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, 12:133-139.

154. Geng,Z.C. et al. 2003. Comparative study of hemicelluloses released during two-stage treatments with acidic organosolv and alkaline peroxide from Caligonum monogoliacum and Tamarix spp. Polymer Degradation and Stability 80:315-325.

155. Ginzburg, C. 1967. Organization of the adventitious root apex in Tamarix aphylla. Amer. J. Bot. 54(1):4-8.

156. Gladwin, D.N., Roelle, J.E. 1998. Survival of Plains Cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) and Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) Seedlings in Response to Flooding. In Wetlands, vl:(4) pp. 669-674.

157. Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the vascular plants of the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, second edition. New York Botanical Garden. New York.

158. Glenn, E., R. Lee, C. Felger, and S. Zengel. 1996. Effects of water management on the wetlands of the Colorado River delta, Mexico. Conservation Biology 10:1175–1186.

159. Glenn, E., R. Tanner, S. Mendez, T. Kehret, D. Moore, J. Garcia, and D. Valdes. 1998. Growth rates, salt tolerance and water use characteristics of native and invasive riparian plants from the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico. J. Arid Environ. 40:281-294.

160. Glenn, E.P., P.L. Nagler. 2005. Comparative ecophysiology of Tamarix ramosissima and native trees in western U.S. riparian zones. Journal of Arid Environments 61:419-446.

161. Goldsmith, F.B. and N. Smart. 1982. Age, spacing and growth rate of Tamarix as an indication of lake boundary fluctuations at Sebkhet Kelbia, Tunisia. Journal of Arid Environments 5(1)43-51.

162. Graf, W.L. 1978. Fluvial adjustments to the spread of tamarisk in the Colorado Plateau region. Geological Soc. Am. Bull. 89(10):1491-1501.

163. Great Western Research, Inc. 1989. Economic analysis of harmful and beneficial aspects of saltcedar. Mesa, AZ: Bureau of Reclamation Rep. No. 8-CP-30-05800.

164. Gries, D., F. Zeng, A. Foetzki, S.K. Arndt, H. Bruelheide, F.M. Thomas, X. Zhang, and M. Runge. 2003. Growth and water relations of Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica on Taklamakan desert dunes in relation to depth to a permanent water table. Plant, Cell and Environment 26:725-736.

165. Griffin, G. F., D. M. Stafford Smith, S. R. Morton, G. E. Allen, and K. A. Masters. 1989. Status and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) on the Finke River, Northern Territory, Australia. Journal of Environmental Management 29:297-315.

166. Griffin, G.F., et al. 1989. Status and implications of the invasion of Tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla) on the Finke River, Northern-Territory, Australia. Journal of Environmental Management 29:297-315.

167. Gupta, A.K. and Y.S.Murty. 1984. The leaf epidermal structures in Tamaricaceae. Acta botanica Indica 12:200-204.

168. Habib, R. 2003. The bionomics of Psectrosema spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) reared from galls on Tamarix spp. in Pakistan. Bulletin of Entomological Research 73(3):457-463.

169. Hagemeyer ,J. and Y. Waisel. 1988. Excretion of ions (Cd-2+, Li+, Na+, and Cl-) by Tamarix aphylla. Physiologia Plantarum 73:541-546.

170. Hagemeyer, J. 1990. Okophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Salz- und Cadmiumresistenz von Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (Tamaricaceae). Translated Title: Ecophysiological studies on salt and cadmium resistance of Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. (Tamaricaceae). Dissertationes botanicae, Bd. 155:194pp.

171. Hagemeyer, J. and Y. Waisel. 1987. An endogenous circadian-rhythm of transpiration in Tamarix aphylla. Physiologia Plantarum 70:133-138.

172. Hagemeyer, J. and Y. Waisel. 1989. Influence of NaCl, Cd(NO3)2 and humidity on transpiration of Tamarix aphylla. Physiologia Plantarum 75:280-284.

173. Hagemeyer, J. and Y. Waisel. 1989. Uptake of Cd-2+ and Fe-2+ by roots of Tamarix aphylla. Physiologia Plantarum 77:247-53.

174. Hagemeyer, J. and Y. Waisel. 1990. Phase-shift and memorization of the circadian-rhythm of transpiration of Tamarix aphylla. Experientia 46:876-877.

175. Haigh, S.L. 1996. Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), an uncommon host for desert mistletoe (Pharadendron californicum). Great Basin Nat. 56:186-187.

176. Harris, D.R. 1966. Recent plant invasions in the arid and semiarid southwest of the United States. Assoc. Am. Geographers Ann. 56:408-422.

177. Harris, K.M. 2003. Descriptions of Psectrosema spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) reared from galls on Tamarix spp. in Pakistan, including four new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 73(3)447-456.

178. Hart, C.R. 2002. The Pecos River Ecosystem Project Progress Report. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Univ. Coop. Ext.

179. Hart, C.R., L.D. White, A. McDonald, and Z. Sheng. 2005. Saltcedar control and water salvage on the Pecos river, Texas, 1999-2003. Journal of Environmental Management 75(4):399-409.

180. Hay, J. 1972. Saltcedar and salinity on the upper Rio Grande. Pages 288-300 in M.T. Farvar, J.P. Milton (eds.) The careless technology; ecology and international development. The Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.

181. Hays, F. and J. Mitchell. 1990 Pp. 36-38 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.). Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

182. He, X.D., Y.B. Gao, and A.Z. Ren. 2003. Role of wind-sand disturbance in the formation and development of Tamarix taklamakanensis community. Acta Botanica Sinica 45:1285-1290.

183. Hem, J.D. 1967. Composition of saline residues on leaves and stems of saltcedar (Tamarix pentandra Pallas). Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 491-C.

184. Hendrickx, J.M.H., Beekma, J., Koch, R., Marin, G.R. 1997. Salinity survey for revegetation potential along the Rio Grande in the Paso Del Norte Region. A report to the El Paso Field Division of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

185. Hink V.C. and Ohmart R.D. 1984. Middle Rio Grande biological survey. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Albuquerque, N.M. 193 pp.

186. Hoddenbach, G. 1990. Pp. 116-125 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.). Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

187. Holland, J. S. 1990. Pp. 39-41 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

188. Hollingsworth, E. B. 1973. Summary report on phreatophyte research, Los Lunas, New Mexico 1961-1972. Los Lunas, N.M.: USDA Unnumbered Document. 18 pp.

189. Hollingsworth, E.B., P.C. Quimby, and D.C. Jaramillo. 1979. Control of saltcedar by subsurface placement of herbicides. Journal of Range Management 32(4):288-291.

190. Horton, J. S. 1964. Notes on the introduction of deciduous Tamarix. U. S. Forest Service. Fort Collins, CO.

191. Horton, J. S. 1960. Use of a root plow for clearing Tamarisk stands. USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Sta. Res. Note 50. 5 pp.

192. Horton, J. S., F. C. Mounts, and J. M. Kraft. 1960. Seed germination and seedling establishment of phreatophytic species. Research Paper RM-48. USDA-Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO.

193. Horton, J., S. Hart and T. Kolb. 2003. Physiological condition and water source use of Sonoran Desert riparian trees at the Bill Williams River, AZ, USA. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 39:69–82.

194. Horton, J., T. Kolb, and S. Hart. 2001. Responses of riparian trees to interannual variation in ground water depth in a semi-arid river basin. Plant Cell and Environment 24:293–304.

195. Horton, J.L. and J.L. Clark. 2001. Water table decline alters growth and survival of Salix gooddingii and Tamarix chinensis seedlings. Forest Ecology and Management 140:239-247.

196. Horton, J.L., T.E. Kolb, and S.C. Hart. 2001. Leaf gas exchange characteristics differ among Sonoran Desert riparian tree species. Tree Physiology 21:233-241.

197. Horton, J.S. 1977. The development and perpetuation of the permanent Tamarisk Type in the phreatophyte zone of the1. southwest. USDA, FS, General technical report RM 43:124-127.

198. Horton, J.S. and C.J. Campbell. 1974. Management of phreatophytic and riparian vegetation for maximum multiple use values. Ft. Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta.Res. Paper RM-117.

199. Howard, S. W., A. E. Dirar, J. O. Evan, and F. D. Provenza. 1983. The use of herbicides and/or fire to control saltcedar (Tamarix). Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science 36:65-72.

200. Howe, W.H. and F.L. Knopf. 1991. On the imminent decline of Rio Grande cottonwoods in central New Mexico. Southwestern Nat. 36:218-224.

201. Hughes, L.E. 1993. The devil’s own - tamarisk. Rangelands 15:151-155.

202. Hughes, W. 1970. Economic Feasibility of Increasing Pecos Basin Water Supplies through Reduction of Evaporation and Evapotranspiration. Water Resources Research Institute Report No. 9.

203. Hughes, W.C. 1972. Simulation of salt cedar evapotranspiration. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, American Society of Civil Engineers 98, No Ir4, Paper 9415, pp533-542

204. Hughes,L.E. 2000. Tamarisk--maybe not invincible. Rangelands 22:11-14.

205. Hunter, W.C., B.W. Anderson, and R.C. Ohmart. 1985. Summer avian community composition of Tamarix habitats in three southwestern desert riparian systems. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-120:128-134.

206. Hunter, W.C., R.C. Ohmart, and B.W. Anderson. 1988. Use of exotic saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) by birds in arid riparian systems. Condor 90:113-123.

207. Hutt, L.D. Cu2+ and Cd2+ Remediation of Contaminated Liquid Media by Hydroponic Growth of Saltcedars. Abstract. Under the Supervision of Dr. David Wing, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM.

208. Jackson, J., J.T. Ball, and M.R. Rose. 1990. Assessment of the salinity tolerance of eight Sonoran Desert riparian trees and shrubs. Final Report. Desert Research Institute. University of Nevada Biological Sciences Center. Reno, Nevada.

209. Jackson, L. E. 1996. Chemical control of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima). Pp. 21-27 in: J. DiTomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

210. Johns, E.L., ed. 1989. Water use by naturally occurring vegetation, including an annotated bibliography. New York: Amer. Soc. Civil Rngr. 32 pp.

211. Johnson, G. E. 1985. Salt cedar study in the Petrified Forest National Park. In: E. H. Colbert and R. R. Johnson (eds.) the Petrified Forest through the ages. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin Series #54.

212. Johnson, S. 1986. Alien plants drain western waters. The Nature Conservancy News, Oct-Nov 1986.

213. Johnson, S. 1987. Can Tamarisk be controlled? Fremontia 15(2):19-20.

214. Jorgensen, M. C. 1996. The use of prescribed fire and mechanical removal as means of control of tamarisk trees. Pp. 28-29 in: J. DiTomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

215. Kalir, A. and A.Poijakoff-Mayber. 1976. Effect of salinity on respiratory pathways in root tips of Tamarix tetragyna. Plant Physiology. 57(2):167-170.

216. Kasprzyk, M. J. and G. L. Bryant. 1989. Results of biological investigations from the lower Virgin River vegetation management study. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, NV. 75 pp.

217. Kennedy,T.A. and S.E.Hobbie. 2004. Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) invasion alters organic matter dynamics in a desert stream. Freshw. Biol. 49:65-76.

218. Kerpez, T.A. and N.S. Smith. 1987. Saltcedar control for wildlife habitat improvement in the southwestern United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. Resource Pub. 169. 16 p.

222. King J.P. and Wan L. 1994. Calibrating the SCS Blaney-Criddle crop coefficients for the Middle Rio Grande basin, New Mexico. New Mexico State University.

219. King, J. P. and A. S. Bawazir. 2000. Riparian evapotranspiration studies of the Middle Rio Grande. Technical Completion Report, Project No. 1-4-23955, New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, Las Cruces, NM.

220. Kleinkopf, G.E., and A. Wallace. 1974. Physiological basis for salt tolerance in Tamarix ramosissima. Plant Sci. Lett. 3:157-163.

221. Knutson, A., M. Muegge, T. Robbins, and C. J. DeLoach. 2003. Insects associated with saltcedar, Baccharis and willow in west Texas and their value as food for insectivorous birds: Preliminary results. Pages 41-50 in Proc. Saltcedar and Water Resources in the West Conf., San Angelo, TX.

222. Kunzmann, M. R. and P. S. Bennett. 1990. Arsenal as a control agent for saltcedar (Tamarisk). Pp. 82-90 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

223. Lesica, P. and S. Miles. 2004. Beavers indirectly enhance the growth of Russian olive and tamarisk along eastern Montana Rivers. West. N. Am. Nat. 64:93-100.

224. Lesica, P., Miles, S. 2001. Tamarisk growth at the northern margin of its naturalized range in Montana, USA. Wetlands 21(2) :240-246.

225. Lesica, P., T.H. DeLuca. 2004. Is tamarisk allelopathic ? Plant and Soil 267 :357-365.

226. Levine, C.M. and J.C. Stromberg. 2001. Effects of flooding on native and exotic plant seedlings : implications for restoring southwestern riparian forests by manipulating water and sediment flows. Journal of Arid Environments 49 :111-131.

227. Lewis, P.A., C.J. DeLoach, A.E. Knutson, J.L. Tracy, and T.O. Robbins. 2003. Biology of Diorhabda elongata deserticola, an Asian leaf bettle for biological control of saltcedars in the United States. Biological Control 27 :101-116.

228. Li, B., X. Kong, and L. Meng. 2000. Observation on the life cycle of Diorhabda elongata deserticola Chen: A potential biocontrol agent of salticedar (Tamarix ramosissima). Chinese Journal of Biological Control 16:48-49.

229. Lipp, J. et al. 1996. Climatic effects on the delta O-18 and delta C-13 of cellulose in the desert tree Tamarix jordanis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60:3305-3309.

230. Lovich, J.E. and R.C. de Gouvenain. 1998. Saltcedar invasion in desert wetlands of the southwestern United States: ecological and political implications. Pages 449-467 in Majumdar, S.K., E.W. Miller, and F. J. Brenner, eds. Ecology of Wetlands and Associated Systems. Philadelphia, PA: The Pennsylvania Acad. Sci.

231. Lovich, J.E., T.B. Egan, and R.C. de Gouvenain. 1994. Tamarisk control on public lands in the desert of Southern California: two case studies. Proc. California Weed Conf. 46:166-177.

232. Lucchesini, M., A.Mensualisodi, and C.Vitagliano. 1993. Micropropagation of Tamarix gallica from nodal explants of mature trees. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 35”195-197.

233. Luttrell, C. 1983. Tamarisk control study. Unpublished report. Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Boulder, City, NV.

234. Mahadevan, N.R. and A.V. Rangarajan. 1975. Occurrence of the Cicadellid, Zygina sp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Tamarix plumosus hort. Indian Journal of Entomology. 37(2):206.

235. Manning, S.J., B.L. Cashore, and J.M. Szewczak. 1996. Pocket gophers damage saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) roots. Great Basin Naturalist 56:183-185.

236. Marler, R.J., J.C. Stromberg, and D.T. Patten. 2001. Growth response of Populus fremontii, Salix gooddingii, and Tamarix ramosissima seedlings under different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Journal of Arid Environments 49:133-146.

237. Martin, W.C. and C.R. Hutchins 1981. A Flora of New Mexico, Vol. 2. J. Cramer, Vaduz, West Germany.

238. Maryam, H., S. Ismail, F. Ala, and R. Ahmad. 1995. Studies on growth and salt regulation in some halophytes as influenced by edaphic and climatic conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany 27:151–163.

239. Masters, R. and R. Shelley2001. Principles and practices for managing rangeland invasive plants. Journal of Range Management 54:502–517.

240. Matiushenko, A.N., N.V. Oleinikova, and L.M. Grudzinskaia. 1977. Translated Title: Polymorphism of some Kazakhstan species of Tamarix. Izv Akad Nauk Kaz Ssr, Ser Biol Jan/Feb:24-27.

241. McClintock, E. 1951. Studies in California ornamental plants: 3. The tamarisks. J. Calif. Hort. Soc. 12:76-83.

242. McDaniel, K.C. and J.P. Taylor. 2003. Aerial spraying and mechanical saltcedar control. Pages 113-119 in Proc. Saltcedar and Water Resources in the West Conf., San Angelo, TX.

243. McDaniel, K.C. and J.P. Taylor. 2003. Saltcedar recovery after herbicide-burn and mechanical clearing practices. J. Range Manage. 56:439-445.

244. McDaniel, K.C., K.W. Duncan, and J.P. Taylor. 2000. Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) control in New Mexico. Pages 173-183 in Proc. Rangeland Weed and Brush Management: Next Millennium Symp. and Workshop, San Angelo, TX.

245. Merfort, I., J. Buddrus, M.A.M. Nawwar, and J. Lambert. 1991. A triterpene from the bark of Tamarx aphylla. Phytochemistry 31:4031-4032.

246. Merkel, D. L. and H. H. Hopkins. 1957. Life history of saltcedar. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 60:360-369.

247. Mikus, B. 1990. Pp. 42-45 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson, and P. S. Bennett (eds.) 1990. Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

248. Molles, M. C. Crawford, L. Ellis, H. Valett, and C. Dahm. 1998. Managed flooding for riparian ecosystem restoration. Bioscience 48:749–756.

249. Molles, M.C., C.S. Crawford, and L.M. Ellis. 1995. Effects of an experimental flood on litter dynamics in the middle Rio Grande riparian ecosystem. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 11(3):275-281.

250. Moore, J. L., J. P. King, A S. Bawazir, and T. W. Sammis. 2000. A bibliography of evapotranspiration with special emphasis on riparian vegetation. Technical Completion Report through the New Mexico Water Resources Reserach Institute. Las Cruces, NM. 64p.

251. Morrison, J.I. 1996. The sustainable use of water in the lower Colorado River basin. The Pacific Institute and the Global Water Policy Project. Oakland, CA.

252. Mounsif,M., C.Wan, and R.E.Sosebee. 2002. Effects of top-soil drying on saltcedar photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. Journal of. Range Management 55:88-93.

253. Nagler, P., J. Cleverly, D. Lampkin, E. Glenn, A. Huete, and Z. Wan. 2005. Predicting riparian evapotranspiration from MODIS vegetation indices and meteorological data. Remote Sensing of Environment 94:17–30.

254. Nagler, P., E. Glenn and, A. Huete. 2001. Assessment of vegetation indices for riparian vegetation in the Colorado River delta, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 49:91–110.

255. Nagler, P., E. Glenn and, T.L. Thompson. 2003. Comparison of transpiration of cottonwood, willow and saltcedar trees measured by sap flow and canopy temperature methods. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 116:73–89.

256. Nagler, P., E. Glenn, T.L. Thompson, and A. Huete. 2004. Leaf area index, normalized difference vegetation index and canopy characteristics of riparian plants on the Lower Colorado River. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 125:1–17.

257. Nagler, P.L., O. Hinojosa-Huerta, E.P. Glenn, J. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Romo, C. Curtis, A.R. Huete, and S.G. Nelson. 2005. Regeneration of native trees in the presence of invasive saltcedar in the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico. Conservation Biology 19(6):1842-1852.

258. Nawwar, M.A.M. and S.A.M. Hussein. 1994. Gall polyphenolics of Tamarix aphylla. Phytochemistry 36:10351037.

259. Nawwar, M.A.M., A.E.A. El Sherbeiny, and M.A. El Ansari. 1975. Plant constituents of Tamarix aphylla flowers (Tamaricaceae). Experientia 31(10):1118.

260. Nawwar, M.A.M., S.A.M. Hussein, J. Buddrus, and M. Linscheid. 1994. Tamarixellagic acid, an ellagitannin from the galls of Tamarix aphylla. Phytochemistry 35:1349-54.

261. Neill, W. M. 1990. Pp. 91-98, In: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

262. Neill, W. M. 1996. Putting it altogether: management strategies and implementation. Presentation at Saltcedar Management and Riparian Restoration Workshop, Las Vegas, NV, September, 1996.

263. Neill, W.M. 1983. The Tamarisk Invasion of Desert Riparian Areas. Spring Valley, CA: Education Foundation of the Desert Protective Council, Inc. Educ. Bull. 83-4.

264. Neill, W.M. 1985. Tamarisk. Fremontia 12(4)22-23.

265. Nescu, M. et al. 1996. Ecosystemic characterization of a Tamarix ramosissima shrubland in the Danube Delta (Sulina). Revue Roumaine de Biologie 41:101-111.

266. Ohmart, R. D. and B. W. Anderson. 1982. North American desert riparian ecosystems. Pp. 433-479 in: G. L. Bender (ed.) Reference handbook on the deserts of North America. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.

267. Ohmart, R., B. Anderson, and W. Hunter. 1988. Ecology of the Lower Colorado River from Davis Dam to the Mexico-United States Boundary a Community Profile. National Technical Information Service, Alexandria, VA, USA.

268. Parmar, V.S., J.S. Rathore, S. Singh, A.K. Jain, S.R. Gupta. 1985. Troupin, a 4-methylcoumarin from Tamarix troupii. Phytochemistry 24(4):871-872.

269. Parmar,V.S., K.S. Bisht, S.K. Sharma, R. Jain, P. Taneja, S. Singh, O. Simonsen, and P.M. Boll. 1994. Highly oxygenated bioactive flavones from Tamarix. Phytochemistry 36:507-511.

270. Pearce, C.M. and D.G. Smith. 2003. Saltcedar: distribution, abundance, and dispersal mechanisms, northern Montana, USA. Wetlands 23(2):215-228.

271. Pinkney, F.C. 1992. Revegetation and enhancement of riparian communities along the Lower Colorado River. For Lower Colorado Region Boulder City, Nevada. United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation. Denver, Colorado.

272. Platt-Aloia, K.A., R.D. Bliss, and W.W. Thomson. 1983. Lipid-lipid interactions and membrane fusion in plant salt glands [Tamarix aphylla, structure]. In: Biosynthesis and function of plant lipids : proceedings of the Sixth Annual Symposium in Botany, January 13-15, 1983, University of California, Riverside / edited by W. W. Thomson, J. B. Mudd, M. Gibbs. ; Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physio(1983): 160-15.

273. Qaiser,M. and A.Perveen. Pollen flora of Pakistan-XXXVII. Tamaricaceae. Pakistan Journal of Botany 36:1-18.

274. Quimby, P.C., C.J. DeLoach, S.A. Wineriter, J.A. Goolsby, R. Sobhian, C.D. Boyette, and H.K. Abbas. 2003. Biological control of weeds: research by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service: selected case studies. Pest Management Science 59:671-680.

275. Quimby, P.C.J., E.B.Hollingsworth, and R.L.MacDonald. 1977. Techniques for greenhouse evaluation of herbicides on saltcedar [Tamarix pentandra]. Weed Science 25:1-4.

276. Radford, A.E., H.E. Ahles and C.R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

277. Rekah,Y., D.Shtienberg, and J.Katan. 2001. Role of the shrub Tamarix nilotica in dissemination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Plant disease 85:735-739.

278. Reynolds, H.G., R.R. Alexander. 1974. Tamarix pentandra Pall.—Five stamen Tamarisk. Agric Handbook. USDA 794-795.

279. Rice, J., B. Anderson and R. Ohmart. 1980. Seasonal habitat selection by birds in the Lower Colorado River Valley. Ecology 61:1402–1411.

280. Rice, P.M. 2003. Invaders database system. Univ. of Montana, Missoula, MT. [Online] http://invader.dbs.umt.edu. Accessed.

281. Robinson, T.W. 1965. Introduction, spread and areal extent of saltcedar (Tamarix) in the Western States. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 491-A.

282. Roelle, J., D. Gladwin and B. Cade. 2001. Establishment, growth, and early survival of woody riparian species at a Colorado gravel pit. Western North American Naturalist 61:182–194.

283. Rood, S. B., A. R. Kalischuk, and J. M. Mahoney. 1998. Initial cottonwood seedling recruitment following the flood of the century of the Oldman river, Alberta, Canada. Wetlands 18:557-570.

284. Rood, S., C. Gourley, E. Ammon, L. Heki, J. Klotz, M. Morrison, D. Mosley, G. Scoppettone, S. Swanson and P. Wagner. 2003. Flows for floodplain forests a successful riparian restoration. Bioscience 53:647–656.

285. Rood, S., J. Braatne and F. Hughes. 2003. Ecophysiology of riparian cottonwoods stream flow dependency, water relations and restoration. Tree Physiology 23:1113–1124.

286. Rood, S., J. Mahoney, D. Reid and L. Zilm. 1995. Instream flows and the decline of riparian cottonwoods along the St. Mary River, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Botany—Revue Canadienne de Botanique 73:1250–1260.

287. Rowlands, P. G. 1990. History and treatment of the saltcedar problem in Death Valley National Monument. Pp. 46-56 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

288. Sala, A., S.D. Smith and D.A. Devitt. 1996. Water use by Tamarix ramosissima and associated phreatophytes in a Mojave Desert floodplain. Ecol. App. 6(3):888-898.

289. Salas, D.E., J.R. Carlson, B.E. Ralston, D.A. Martin, and K.R. Blaney. 1996. Riparian vegetation mapping of the lower Colorado River from the Davis Dam to the international border. Denver, CO: Bureau of Reclamation. Rep. No. 8260-96-03.

290. Saleh, N.A.M., H.I.El-Sissi, and A.M. Nawwar. 1975. A Rhamnetin glucuronide trisulphate from the leaves of Tamarix aphylla. Phytochemistry 14(1):312 -313.

291. Savchenko, V.A. 1975. Translated Title: Ecology of flowering of Tamarix, Halostachys and Suaeda in the tugays (floodplain forests) of southern Tadzhikistan. Izv Akad Nauk Tadzh Ssr 18-24.

292. Schaal, B., J. Gaskin and A. Caicedo. 2003. Phylogeography, haplotype trees, and invasive plant species. Journal of Heredity 94:197–204.

293. Scott, R., E. Edwards, W. Shuttleworth, T. Huxman, C. Watts and D. Goodrich. 2004. Interannual and seasonal variation in fluxes of water and carbon dioxide from a riparian woodland ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 122:65–84.

294. Scott, R., W. Shuttleworth, D. Goodrich and T. Maddock. 2000. The water use of two dominant vegetation communities in a semiarid riparian ecosystem. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 105:241–256.

295. Scurlock, D. 1998. From the Rio to the Sierra: an environmental history of the middle Rio Grande basin. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-5. Albuquerque, N.M. 440 pp.

296. Segelquist, C. A., M. L. Scott, and G. T. Auble. 1993. Establishment of Populus deltoids under simulated alluvial groundwater declines. Am. Midland Nat. 130:274-285.

297. Shafroth, P., G. Auble, J. Stromberg and D. Patten. 1998. Establishment of woody riparian vegetation in relation to annual patterns of streamflow, Bill Williams River, Arizona. Wetlands 18:577–590.

298. Shafroth, P., J. Stromberg and D. Patten. 2002. Riparian vegetation response to altered disturbance and stress regimes. Ecological Applications 12:107–123.

299. Shafroth, P.B., Friedman, J.M., Ischinger, L.S. 1995. Effects of salinity on establishment of Populus fremontii (Cottonwood) and Tamarix ramosissima (Saltcedar) in southwestern United States. Reprinted from the Great Basin Naturalist 55(1).

300. Shafroth, P.B., J.R. Cleverly, T.L. Dudley, J.P. Taylor, C. Van Riper III, E.P. Weeks, and J.N. Stuart. 2005. Control of Tamarix in the western United States: implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration. Environmental Management 35(3):231-246.

301. Shafroth, S., J. Stromberg and D. Patten. 2000. Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes. Western North American Naturalist 60:66–76.

302. Sharma,S.K. and V.S. Parmar. 1998. Novel constituents of Tamarix species. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 57:873-890.

303. Sharrow, D. 1990. Status of tamarisk and its control in Grand Canyon National Park. Pp. 57-60 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

304. Sheets, K. R., J. P. Taylor, and J. M. H. Hendricks. 1994. Rapid salinity mapping by electromagnetic induction for determining riparian restoration potential. Restoration Ecol. 2(4):242-246.

305. Sher, A. and D. Marshall. 2003. Seedling competition between native Populus deltoides (Salicaceae) and exotic Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae) across water regimes and substrate types. American Journal of Botany 90:413–422.

306. Sher, A.A., D.L. Marshall, and J.P. Taylor. 2002. Establishment patterns of native Populus and Salix in the presence of invasive nonnative Tamarix. Ecological Applications 12(3):760-772.

307. Sher, A.A., D.L. Marshall, and S.A. Gilbert. 2000. Competition between native Populus deltoides and invasive Tamarix ramosissima and the implications for reestablishing flooding disturbance. Conservation Biology 14(6): 1744-1754.

308. Shrader, T.H. 1977. Selective management of phreatophytes for improved utilization of natural flood-plain resources. Water management for irrigation and drainage. Proc. Soc. Civil Engin. 2:16-44.

309. Sinadskii, I.V. and K.A. Sulaimanov. 1976. Translated Title: Cicadetta musiva[Pest of Tamarix. Zashch Rast May: 46-47.

310. Sisneros, D. 1991. Herbicide analysis: lower Colorado River saltcedar vegetation management study. USDI Bur. of Reclamation. Gen. Tech. Rep. R-91-06. Denver, CO. 165 pp.

311. Sisneros, D. 1994. Upper Colorado Region saltcedar cost analysis/evaluation. Applied Sciences Referral Memorandum No. 94-2-2. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver, CO.

312. Smith S. D. and D. A. Devitt. 1996. Physiological ecology of saltcedar: why is it a successful invader? Presentation at Saltcedar Management and Riparian Restoration Workshop, Las Vegas, NV, September, 1996.

313. Smith, S., A. Wellington, R. Nachlinger and C. Fox. 1991. Functional responses of riparian vegetation to streamflow diversion in the eastern Sierra Nevada, CA. Ecological Applications 1:89–97.

314. Smith, S.D., D.A. Devitt, A. Sala, J.R. Cleverly, and D.E. Busch. 1998. Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions. Wetlands 18(4):687-696.

315. Snyder, W. and G. Miller. 1992. Changes in riparian vegetation along the Colorado River and Rio Grande. Great Basin Naturalist 52:357–363.

316. Sobhian, R., L. Fornasari, J.S. Rodler, and S. Agret. 1998. Field evaluation of natural enemies of Tamarix spp. in southern France. Biological Control 12:164-170.

317. Souliman, A.M.A., H.H. Barakat, A.M.D. El-Mousallamy, M.S.A. Marzouk, and M.A.M. Nawwar. 1991. Phenolics from the bark of Tamarix aphylla. Phytochemistry 30:3763-3766.

318. Sprenger, M. D., L. M. Smith, and J. P. Taylor. 2002. Restoration of riparian habitats using experimental flooding. Wetlands 22(1):49-57.

319. Sprenger, M.D., L.M. Smith, and J.P. Taylor. 2001. Testing control of salcedar using spring flooding. Wetlands 31:437–441.

320. Sprenger, M.D., L.M. Smith, and J.P. Taylor. 2001. Testing control of saltcedar seedlings using fall flooding. Abstract. Wetlands. 21(3):437-441.

321. Sprenger, M.D., L.M. Smith, and J.P. Taylor. 2002. Effects of discing saltcedar seedlings during riparian restoration efforts. The Southwestern Naturalist 47(4):598-642.

322. St. John, T. 1996. Establishing functional riparian communities after saltcedar removal. Presentation at Saltcedar Management and Riparian Restoration Workshop, Las Vegas, NV, September, 1996.

323. Stein, E. D. 1996. Chemical control of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima). Pp. 21-27 in: J. DiTomaso and C. E. Bell (eds.) Proceedings of the saltcedar management workshop, June 12, 1996, Rancho Mirage, CA. University of California Cooperative Extension Service, Holtville, CA.

324. Stevens D. 1997. Controls on soil salinity in the Rio Grande floodplain, Bosque del Apache national wildlife refuge, New Mexico. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Master’s Thesis. 45 pp.

325. Stevens, L. E. 1990. Pp. 99-105 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

326. Stevens, L., T. Ayers, J. Bennett, K. Christensen, M. Kearsley, V. Meretsky, A. Phillips, R. Parnell, J. Spence, M. Sogge, A. Springer and D. Wegner. 2001. Planned flooding and Colorado River riparian trade-offs downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Ecological Applications 11:701–710.

327. Stevens, R. and S.C. Walker. 1998. Saltcedar control. Rangelands 20(4):9-12.

328. Stohlgren, T. 2004. Tamarix Cooperative Mapping Initiative (T-Map). Fort Collins Science Center. U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO http://squall.nrel.colostate.edu/cwis438/tmap/index.html).
329. Storey, R. and W.W. Thomson. 1994. An x-ray microanalysis study of the salt glands and intracellular calcium crystals of Tamarix. Ann. Bot. 73:307-313.

330. Stromberg, J. 1993. Fremont cottonwood-Goodding willow riparian forests a review of their ecology, threats, and recovery potential. Journal of the Arizona–Nevada Academy of Sciences 26:97–111.

331. Stromberg, J. 1998. Dynamics of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) populations along the San Pedro River, Arizona. Journal of Arid Environments 40:133–155.

332. Stromberg, J. 1998. Functional equivalency of saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) and Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) along a free-flowing river. Wetlands 18:675–686.

333. Stromberg, J. and M. Chew. 2002. Foreign visitors in riparian corridors of the American Southwest is xenophobia justified? pp 195-219. In: B. Tellman, Editor, Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region, University of Arizona Press. Tucson, AZ.

334. Stromberg, J. C. 1997. Growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood, Goodding willow, and saltcedar seedlings after large floods in central Arizona. Southwest. Nat. 57:198-208.

335. Stromberg, J. C. 2001. Restoration of riparian vegetation in the south-western United States: importance of flow regimes and fluvial dynamism. Journal of Arid Environments 49:17-34.

336. Stromberg, J., B. Richter, D. Patten and L. Wolden. 1993. Response of a Sonoran riparian forest to a 10-year return flood. Great Basin Naturalist 53:118–130.

337. Stromberg, J., J. Fry and D. Patten. 1997. Marsh development after large floods in an alluvial, arid-land river. Wetlands 17:292–300.

338. Stromberg, J.C., R. Tiller, and B. Richter. 1996. Effects of groundwater decline on riparian vegetation of semiarid regions: the San Pedro, Arizona. Ecological Applications 6(1):113-131.

339. Sudbrock, A. 1993. Tamarisk control. I. Fighting back – An overview of the invasion, and a low-impact way of fighting it. Restoration and Management Notes 11(1):31-34.

340. Sultanova, N.A., Z.A. Abilov, E.A. Shul’ts, and V.B. Omurkamzinova. 2004. Biologically Active Compounds from Tamarix hispida. II. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 40(2):192-193.

341. Sultanova, N.A., Z.A. Abilov, V.B. Omurkamzinova, and I.M. Chaudri. 2002. Flavonoids of the aerial part of Tamarix hispida. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 38(1):98-99.

342. Sultanova,N. et al. 2001. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tamarix ramosissima. Journal of Ethnopharmacol 78:201-205.

343. Sultanova,N., T. Makhmoor, A. Yasin, Z.A. Abilov, V.B. Omurkamzinova, Atta-ur-Rahman, M.I. Choudhary. 2004. Isotamarixen - A new antioxidant and prolyl endopeptidase-inhibiting triterpenoid from Tamarix hispida. Planta Medica 70:65-67.

344. Sun, R.C., Q. Lu, and X.F. Sun. 2001. Physico-chemical and thermal characterization of lignins from Caligonum monogoliacum and Tamarix spp. Polymer Degradation and Stability 72:229-38.

345. Swenson E.A. and C.L. Mullins. 1985. Revegetating riparian trees in southwestern floodplains. Pages 135-138 in Johnson, R.R., C.D. Ziebell, D.R. Patton, P.F. Folliott, and R.H. Hamre, eds. Riparian Ecoystems and Their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. USDA Forest Service. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-120.

346. Swenson, J.E., P. Hendricks, and A. Farjon. 1982. Arrival and occurrence of Tamarix chinensis (tamarisk) along the Yellowstone River in Treasure and Rosebud Counties, Montana. Proceedings - Montana Academy of Sciences 41:67-70.

347. Szaro R.C. 1989. Riparian forest and scrubland community types of Arizona and New Mexico. Desert Plants 9:69-139.

348. Tallent-Halsell, N.G. and L.R. Walker. 2002. Responses of Salix gooddingii and Tamarix ramosissima to flooding. Wetlands 22(4):776-785.

349. Taylor J.P. 1994. Wetland management at Bosque del Apache national wildlife refuge, N.M., 1984-1991. 6th U.S./Mexico Border States Conference on: Recreation, Parks, and Wildlife, April 27-29, 1994, Cd. Victoria, Tamualipas, Mexico. M. Vazquez, editor. 23 pages.

350. Taylor, J. P. 1996. Saltcedar management and riparian restoration. Presentation at Saltcedar Management and Riparian Restoration Workshop, Las Vegas, NV, September, 1996.

351. Taylor, J. P. 1999. Conversion of saltcedar monocultures and mixed saltcedar/native bosque to native bosque, wetland, and agricultural habitats. Environ. Assess. USDI Fish and Wild. Serv. Albuquerque, N.M. 62 pp.

352. Taylor, J. P., D. B. Wester, and L. M. Smith. 1999. Soil disturbance, flood management, and riparian woody plant establishment in the Rio Grande floodplain. Wetlands 19:372-382.

353. Taylor, J.P. 2000. Proceedings from the Conference on Fire in Riparian Areas Sponsored by the Middle Rio Grande Bosque Initiative. Albuquerque, NM.

354. Taylor, J.P. and K.C. McDaniel. 2003. Restoration with native species following saltcedar removal. Pages 127-133 in Proc. Saltcedar Conf., San Angelo, TX.

355. Taylor, J.P. and K.C. McDaniel. 1998a. Restoration of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)-infested floodplains on the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge. Weed Tech. 12:345-352.

356. Taylor, J.P. and K.C. McDaniel. 1998b. Riparian management on the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge. New Mexico J. Sci. 38:219-232.

357. Taylor, J.P. and K.C. McDaniel. 2004. Revegetation strategies after saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) control in headwater, transitional, and depositional watershed areas. Weed Technology 18:1278-1282.

358. Tellman, B. 1997. Exotic pest plant introduction in the American Southwest. Desert Plants 13(1):3-9.

359. Thomas, L., K. Kitchell and T. Graham. 1990. Summary of tamarisk control efforts at Canyonlands and Arches National Parks and Natural Bridges National Monument. Pp. 61-66 in: M. R. Kunzmann, R. R. Johnson and P. S. Bennett (eds.) Tamarisk control in southwestern United States. Proceedings of Tamarisk Conference, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, September 23-3, 1987. Special Report No. 9. National Park Service, Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, School of Renewable Natural resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

360. Thomson, W.W. and K. Plattoloia. 1985. The ultrastructure of the plasmodesmata of the salt-glands of Tamarix as revealed by transmission and freeze-fracture electron-microscopy. Protoplasma 125:13-23.

361. Thomson, W.W., W.L. Berry, and L.L. Liu. 1969. Localization and secretion of salt by the salt glands of Tamarix aphylla. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 63:310-317.

362. Tiejun, L. and Y. Weikang. 2003. Environment degeneration affects habitat diversity of Tamarix spp. in arid zone. Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 4890:427-437.

363. TNC. (The Nature Conservancy). 2002. (http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/worst.html).

364. Tomar, O., P. Minhas, V. Sharma, Y. Singh and R. Gupta. 2003. Performance of 31 tree species and soil conditions in a plantation established with saline irrigation. Forest Ecology and Management 177:333–346.

365. Tomasbarberan, F.A. et al. 1990. Trans-coniferyl alcohol 4-O-sulfate and flavonoid sulfates from some Tamarix species. Phytochemistry 29:3050-3051.

366. Tomas-Barberan, F.A., E. Iniesta-Sanmartin, F. Ferreres, F. Tomas-Lorente, W. Trowitzsch-Kienast, and V. Wray. 1990. Trans-coniferyl alcohol 4-O-sulphate and flavonoid sulphates from some Tamarix species. Phytochemistry 29:3050-3051.

367. Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

368. Turner, R. M. 1974. Quantitative and historical evidence of vegetation changes along the Upper Gila River, Arizona. Professional Paper 655-H. U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.

369. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 1966. Progress report, phreatophyte investigations, Bernardo evapotranspirometers.

370. Middle Rio Grande Project Office.

371. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 1996. Estimates of consumptive use requirements for irrigated agriculture and riparian vegetation, Middle Rio Grande water assessment.

372. Umbetova,A.K., S.Z. Esirkegenova, I.M. Chaudri, V.B. Omurkamzinova, and Z.A. Abilov. 2004. Flavonoids of Plants from the Genus Tamarix. Chemistry of Natural Compounds 40(3):297-298.

373. Ungar, I.A. 1966. Salt tolerance of plants growing in saline areas of Kansas and Oklahoma. Ecology 47(1):154-156.

374. Urbansky,E.T. et al. 2000. Perchlorate uptake by salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima in the Las Vegas Wash riparian ecosystem. Sci. Total Environ. 256:227-232.

375. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2002. (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/nph/statew.html).

376. USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2002. PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA. [Online] http://plants.usda.gov/.
377. USDA, Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2002. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National

378. USWF, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants proposed rule to list the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher as endangered with critical habitat. Federal Register 58:39495-39522.

379. Van Gelder A. and C. Maas. 1997. Riparian forest restoration of the Bosque del Apache wildlife refuge: prediction of salinity by means of interpreted landscape elements and model studies. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Socorro, N.M. 50 pages.

380. Van Hylckama, T.E.A. 1969. Photosynthesis and water use by saltcedar. Bulletin of the Int.’l Assoc. of Scientific Hydrology 14(1):71-83.

381. Van Hylckama, T.E.A. 1970. Water use by saltcedar. Water Resources Res. 6(3):728-735.

382. Van Hylckama, T.E.A. 1970. Winds over saltcedar. Agr. Meteorology 7(3):217-233.

383. Van Hylckama, T.E.A. 1974. Water use by saltcedar as measured by the water budget method. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 491–E.

384. Vandersande, M.W., E.P. Glenn, and J.L. Walworth. 2001. Tolerance of five riparian plants from the lower Colorado River to salinity drought and inundation. Journal of Arid Environments 49:147-159.

385. Waggoner P.E. and Schefter J. 1990. Future water use in the present climate. in Waggoner P.E., ed. Climate Change and U.S. Water Resources. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

386. Waisel, Y. 1991. The glands of Tamarix aphylla – A system for salt secretion or for carbon concentration. Physiologia Plantarum 83:506-510.

387. Warncke, K. 1982. Translated Title: Bees on Tamarix in the northern and central Sahara of Algeria (Hymenoptera, Apidae) [Taxonomy]. Bollettino - Museo civico di storia naturale de Venezia. 33:203-214.

388. Warren, D.K., and R.M. Turner. 1975. Saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) seed production, seedling establishment, and response to inundation. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10:135-144.

389. Watts, J.G., D.R. Liesner and D.L. Lindsey. 1977. Salt cedar [Tamarix]—a potential target for biological control [Insects as predators]. Bull N M Agric Exp Stn 650:28.

390. Weber, W. A. 1990. Colorado Flora – Eastern Slope. University of Colorado Press, Niwot, Colorado.

391. Weeks, E.P., H.L. Weaver, G.S. Campbell, and B.N. Tanner. 1987. Water use by saltcedar and by replacement vegetation in the Pecos River floodplain between Acme and Artesia, New Mexico. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 491-G.

392. Welsh, S.A., N.D. Atwood, L.C. Higgins, and S. Goodrich. 1987. A Utah Flora. Orem, UT: Brigham Young Univ. Great Basin Naturalist Memoir No. 9. 894 p.

393. West, B. R. 1996. Prescribed burning and wildlife (fire as a management tool in saltcedar management). Presentation at Saltcedar Management and Riparian Restoration Workshop, Las Vegas, NV, September, 1996.

394. West, P. and G. Nabhan. 2002. Invasive plants their occurance and possible impact on the central Gulf Coast of Sonora and the Midriff Islands in the Sea of Cortez. Pp 91-111. In: B. Tellman, Editor, Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.

395. White, L. D., K. B. Hays, and K. M. Schmidt. 2003. Water use by saltcedar and associated vegetation along selected rivers in Texas, Pages 113-119 in Proc. Saltcedar and Water Resources in the West Conf., San Angelo, TX.

396. Whiteman, K.E. 2006. Distribution of salt cedar (Tamarix spp. L) along an unregulated river in South-western New Mexico, USA. Journal of Arid Environments 64:364-368.

397. Whitney, J. C. 1995. The Middle Rio Grande: its ecology and management. pp. 4-21. In: D. W. Shaw and D. M. Finch (eds.). Desired future conditions for southwestern riparian ecosystems: bringing interests and concerns together. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-272. Fort Collins, Colo.

398. Wiedemann, H.T., and Cross, B.T. 1978.Water inundation for control of saltcedar along the periphery of lakes. Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society 31:229.

399. Wiesenborn, W.D. 1996. Saltcedar impacts on salinity, water, fire frequency, and flooding. Pages 9-12 in Proc. Saltcedar Management Workshop, Rancho Mirage, CA. California Exotic Pest Plant Council.

400. Wilgus, F. and K. L. Hamilton. 1962. Germination of saltcedar seed. Weeds 10(4):332-333.

401. Wilken, D. H. 1993. Tamaricaceae. P. 1080 in J. C. Hickman (ed). The Jepson Manual. Univ. California Press. Berkeley.

402. Wilkinson, R.E. 1966. Adventitious roots on saltcedar roots. Bot. Gaz. 127(2-3):103-104.

403. Wilkinson, R.E. 1966. Seasonal development of anatomical structures of saltcedar foliage. Bot. Gaz. 127(4):231-234.

404. Wilkinson, R.E. 1972. Water stress in salt cedar. Botanical gazette 133:73-7.

405. Wilkinson, R.E. 1980. Ecotypic variation of Tamarix pentandra epicuticular wax and possible relationship with herbicide sensitivity. Weed Science 28(1):110-113.

406. Williams, M.E. and J.E. Anderson. 1977. Diurnal trends in water status, transpiration, and photosynthesis of saltcedar. Hydrology and water resources in Arizona and the Southwest 7:119-124.

407. Willits, P. 1994. Unpublished report on tamarisk treatments on the San Miguel preserve. The Nature Conservancy, Colorado Field Office.

408. Yong, W. and D.M. Finch. 1997. Population trends of migratory landbirds along the middle Rio Grande. Southwestern Nat. 42(2):137-147.

409. Yoshida, T. et al. 1991. Tannins of Tamaricaceous plants: 2 new monomeric and dimeric hydrolysable tannins from Reaumuria hirtella and Tamarix pakistanica. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 39:2849-2854.

410. Yoshida, T. et al. 1993. Tannins and related polyphenols of Tamaricaceous plants: 4 dimeric hydrolysable tannins from Tamarix pakistanica. Phytochemistry 33:197-202.

411. Yoshida,T., A.H.F. Ahmed, M.U. Memon and T. Okuda. 1993. Dimeric hydrolysable tannins from Tamarix pakistanica. Phytochemistry 33:197-202.

412. Young, J.A., C.D. Clements, and D. Harmon. 2004. Germination of seeds of Tamarix ramosissima. Journal of Range Management 57(5):475-481.

413. Zamora-Arroyo, F., P. Nagler, M. Briggs, D. Radtke, H. Rodriquez, J. Garcia, C. Valdes, A. Huete and E. Glenn. 2001. Regeneration of native trees in response to flood releases from the United States into the delta of the Colorado River, Mexico. Journal of Arid Environments 49:49–64.

414. Zavaleta, E. 2000. Valuing ecosystem services lost to Tamarix invasion in the United States. pp 261-300. In: Mooney, H.A. and R.J. Hobbs, eds. Invasive Species in a Changing World. Washington, DC: Island Press.

415. Zhai, S.H., C.G. Wang, and X.Z. Gao. 1983. Translated Title: Morphological and anatomical observations of clasping leaves of Tamarix L. Chih wu Hsueh pao = Acta botanica sinica. 25(6):519-525.

416. Zhang, D.Y., L.K. Yin, and B.R. Pan. 2002. Biological and ecological characteristics of Tamarix L. and its effect on the ecological environment. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences 45:18-22.

417. Zouhar, K., 2003. Tamarix spp. In: Fire Effects Information System (Online). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis (2004, June 28).